Natura Croatica

Iva Ribić

Original scientific paper

Iva Ribić Post-Graduate Environmental Management Study, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

Abstract

Sustainable landfill redevelopment is a concept that proposes restoration of a degraded environment, social benefits for the community and economic benefits for possible investors. In the scope of this study a conceptual framework for sustainable redevelopment is presented and applied as a post project analysis in the case of the hazardous waste landfill of Sovjak. A comparative representation of the results obtained by the introduction of the concept of sustainable redevelopment is provided. The comparison of the achieved results shows that sustainable redevelopment will provide social benefits to a community living in close proximity to the hazardous waste landfill; threats to human health are eliminated, property values are restored, and the project presents social progress, economic growth and the possibility of employment. Furthermore an overview of the present state of the environment influenced by the hazardous waste landfill of Sovjak is described. Emphasis here is given to contamination of groundwater, due to the specific karst terrain in which the landfill is located, and its threat to human health.

Keywords

sustainable redevelopment, hazardous waste landfill, groundwater contamination, karst area

Ljubomir Babić, Jožica Zupanič

Original scientific paper

Ljubomir Babić Rokov perivoj 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Jožica Zupanič Rokov perivoj 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

Abstract

The sedimentary evolution of the Eocene, Outer Dinaric foreland basin of N Dalmatia began with carbonate deposition on a retreating foreland ramp. The clastic deposition starts with an early or flysch stage represented by orogen-related, river-fed, distal prodelta sand lobes, and associated hemipelagites. The subsequent, filling stage reflects the shallowing caused by the progradation of the proximal prodelta. It is followed by deposition in front of the braidplain delta or braid deltas, which might have resulted from the continuation of the filling stage, or possibly indicates the steady state (filled stage). This sedimentary evolution is comparable to the evolutionary trend typical for peripheral foreland basins, especially those of the alpine realm, and is closely related to the foreland and orogen tectonic evolution. The clastic deposition mainly occurred from flood-generated density underflows ensuing from multiple delta outlets. These flows may have been influenced by oscillatory flows. The relevant drainage basin was characterised by intense erosion in a mountainous area, related to active compressional tectonics in the rising orogen, and by powerful streams.

Keywords

foreland basin, hyperpycnal underflows, prodelta, delta front, flysch, Paleogene, Outer Dinarides

Zvjezdana Stančić

Original scientific paper

Zvjezdana Stančić Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Hallerova aleja 7, HR-42000 Varaždin, Croatia

Abstract

The association Eleocharitetum palustris is a marshland community that has been insufficiently investigated in Europe as a whole. In this paper 22 relevés from Croatia are presented. The association is characterized by its dominant species, Eleocharis palustris and poor floristic composition. The stands develop in very wet habitats alongside the banks of freshwater marshes and in shallow microdepressions of terrain. Habitats are flooded for most of the year. The community is also adapted to grazing, trampling and mowing. A comparison of the stands from the continental and Mediterranean parts of the country shows a higher species richness in the stands in continental Croatia. Based on the differences in floristic composition, the association was divided into two geographic variants: continental and Mediterranean. A comparison of Eleocharitetum palustris from Croatia and some other European countries shows similar species composition and mostly the same common plant taxa.

Keywords

Eleocharis palustris, Phragmito-Magnocaricetea, marshland vegetation, Croatia

Zdravko Dolenec

Original scientific paper

Zdravko Dolenec Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia

Abstract

This paper is based on the recoveries of birds ringed in the territory of Hrvatsko zagorje region (north-western Croatia). In the period from 1972 to 2007 I ringed 16400 birds (70 species), 31 of which were recorded outside the territory of Croatia (5 species: starling Sturnus vulgaris – 26, woodpigeon Columba palumbus – 1, blackbird Turdus merula – 2, song thrush Turdus philomelos – 1 and blue tit Parus caeruleus – 1). Twenty-two birds were recovered in Europe (8 in Italy and 1 in Spain, France, Hungary and the Czech Republic) and nine in Africa (5 in Algeria and 4 in Tunisia).

Keywords

ringed, recoveries, migration of Croatian birds, Hrvatsko zagorje region

Peter Lazar, Jan Čurlík, Dean Konjević, Ruža Sabočanec

Original scientific paper

Peter Lazar Department of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Košice, Slovak Republic
Jan Čurlík Department of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Košice, Slovak Republic
Dean Konjević Department for Game Biology, Pathology and Breeding, University of Zagreb Veterinary Faculty, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
Ruža Sabočanec Department of General Pathology and Pathological Morphology, University of Zagreb Veterinary Faculty, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb

Abstract

In March 2007 a few days old male mouflon (Ovis ammon musimon) lamb was found within an enclosure for fallow deer (Dama dama) and mouflon rearing, managed by the Rozhanovce Game Management Centre, Ko{ice University of Veterinary Medicine. Because of its severe limb malformations and consequent inability to stand up, the lamb was caught and euthanized. Following the euthanasia procedure the lamb was subjected to macroscopic and X-ray examination, necropsy and histopathological examination. Multiple alterations were observed and classified as arthrogryposis, kyphosis and deviation and reduced length of the left hind leg. Arthrogryposis is a term for constant contraction of joint/s found throughout the body at birth. It is generally associated with fetal akinesia due to different fetal abnormalities or maternal disorders. It can also be related to damage of the central nervous system (i.e. intrauterine infection with Akabane, bluetongue or some other viruses), ingestion of poisonous plants by the pregnant female, fetal inactivity or other anomalies such as scoliosis, torticollis or cleft palate. The combination of observed alterations along with nonspecific results of histopathology and the fact that this was a single case excludes an infectious agent as a cause of this condition.

Keywords

mouflon lamb, fetal abnormalities, arthrogryposis, kyphosis

Valéria Letková, Peter Lazar, Jaroslav Soroka, Mária Goldova, Jan Čurlík

Original scientific paper

Valéria Letková Department of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
Peter Lazar Department of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Košice, Slovak Republic
Jaroslav Soroka Department of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Košice, Slovak Republic
Mária Goldova Department of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
Jan Čurlík Department of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Košice, Slovak Republic

Abstract

The protection of game from diseases is important for several reasons. Mainly, this is concerned with the health of the animals themselves, which under the conditions obtaining in the Slovak Republic are at an increasing rate exposed to negative factors arising from the activities of man. Among other factors, exposure to diseases, including these caused by parasitic infections, is increasing. In order to assess the prevalence of Taenia species in wild carnivores, which is indicative of or related to infection in cervids, 323 animals were investigated. The taenias were represented by 7 species: Taenia hydatigena (Pallas, 1766), Taenia krabbei Moniez, 1879 (syn. T. cervi Christiansen, 1931). Tetratirotaenia polyacantha (Leucart, l856), Mesocestoides litteratus, M. lineatus (Goeze, 1782), Ralliet, 1843 and Echinococcus multilocularis. The presence of T. hydatigena was established in 12 red foxes and two wolves and T. krabbei was found in one wolf and three foxes. The presence of cysticerci was investigated in 114 game ruminants post-mortem (32 red deer, 61 roe deer and 21 fallow deer). Cysticercus tenuicollis (Taeniae hydatigena) was found in 3 game species (red deer, roe deer, fallow deer) and cysticerci of T. krabbei in the myocard of red deer.

Keywords

cysticercosis, red deer, roe deer, fallow deer

Mária Goldova, Štefan Tóth, Valéria Letková, Jana Mojžišová, Juraj Ciberej, Dean Konjević, Alica Kočišová, Alen Slavica

Original scientific paper

Mária Goldova Department of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
Štefan Tóth Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik Universtity, Šrobárova 2, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
Valéria Letková Department of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
Jana Mojžišová Department of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
Juraj Ciberej Department of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
Dean Konjević Department for Game Biology, Pathology and Breeding, University of Zagreb Veterinary Faculty, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
Alica Kočišová Department of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
Alen Slavica Department for Game Biology, Pathology and Breeding, University of Zagreb Veterinary Faculty, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia

Abstract

In this paper, we analyze the results of surveys of Sarcocystis spp. carried out on heart and skeletal muscles from 71 ex. of cloven-hoofed game hunted in Central and Eastern Slovakia between 2005 and 2007. Sarcocystis infection was determined among 91.5 % of the 71 cloven-hoofed game animals (deer, mouflon, chamois, wild boar): 100% in 13 roe deer, 10 mouflons, 8 fallow deer, and 6 chamois; 85.0 % in 20 wild boars, 78.6 % in 14 red deer. In examined cloven-hoofed game in Slovakia a high intensity of infection of Sarcocystis spp., was recorded. The highest intensity of infection was in wild boars (up to 1,495 microcysts per gram) and roe deer (903 microcysts per gram). Animals under one year of age showed low intensity of infection in comparison with adults: red deer (19/g), mouflon (19/g), chamois (19/g) and wild boar (52/g). Muscle samples of males had a significantly higher intensity of infection than females. Intensity of infection was statistically significant in red deer male versus calves p<0.05; chamois male versus lamb p<0.001, chamois female versus lamb p<0.001, chamois male versus female p<0.05, wild boar male versus female p<0.01, wild boar female versus piglet p<0.05. We also present the morphology of thin-walled microcysts of Sarcocystis spp. according to histological sections. Light microscopy showed typical features of Sarcocystis spp. microcysts in skeletal muscles and myocardium. Thin-walled microcysts were filled with numerous bradyzoites, which are situated inside chamber-like hollows in the cysts.

Keywords

cloven-hoofed game, microcyst of Sarcocystis spp., prevalence, intensity of infection, histological observation Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, Zagreb, Croatia 304

Miroslava Beklova, Vojtech Adam, Petr Mares, Ladislav Zeman, Petr Dolezal, Jiri Pikula, Libuse Trnkova, Rene Kizek

Original scientific paper

Miroslava Beklova Department of Veterinary Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1-3, CZ-612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
Vojtech Adam Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; 3Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Petr Mares Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Ladislav Zeman Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Petr Dolezal Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Jiri Pikula Department of Veterinary Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1-3, CZ-612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
Libuse Trnkova Department Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, CZ-611 37 Brno
Rene Kizek Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republi

Abstract

Metallothioneins (MT) play a key role in maintaining the homeostasis of essential metals and in protecting of cells against metal toxicity as well as cell oxidative damaging. The aim of this work is to propose a new approach for processing a biological sample for analysis of thiols including metallothioneins. Moreover, the proposed procedure is tested on quantification of MT and total thiol content in blood serum of pig (Sus scrofa domestica), which has not been previously been performed. The blood serum (10 ml) was collected and transferred to 0.2 M phosphate buffer (990 ml). The sample (100 × diluted) was placed in a thermomixer, where heat denaturation of most of the proteins proceeded. The processed blood serum sample was electrochemically measured to determine total * Corresponding author: e-mail kizek@sci.muni.cz, phone: +420-5-4513-3350, fax: +420-5-4521-2044 Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, Zagreb, Croatia 294 Beklova, M. et al.: Determination of low molecular mass thiols and metallothionein in blood of pig content of thiols (cysteine, glutathione, metallothionein and other low molecular thermostable thiols) and content of MT. The average level of the thiols and MT were estimated as 165 ± 20 mM and 5.2 ± 0.6 mM, respectively.

Keywords

electrochemical method, differential pulse voltammetry, Brdicka reaction, protein, pig

Miroslava Beklova, Ivo Fabrik, Pavlina Sobrova, Vojtech Adam, Jiri Pikula, Rene Kizek

Original scientific paper

Miroslava Beklova Department of Veterinary Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1-3, CZ-612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
Ivo Fabrik Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Pavlina Sobrova Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Vojtech Adam Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; 3Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Jiri Pikula Department of Veterinary Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1-3, CZ-612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
Rene Kizek Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republi

Abstract

Metallothionein (MT) belongs to group of intracellular, low-molecular and cysteine-rich proteins with a molecular weight from 6 to 10 kDa. Owing to their high affinity to heavy metals (Zn, Cd, As, etc.) their main role is homeostatic control and detoxification of metal ions in an organism. In the present work we aimed at suggesting and utilizing electroanalytical techniques to determine content of MT in the blood serum of domestic fowls. Electrochemical measurements were performed with an AUTOLAB Analyser connected to VA-Stand 663, using a standard cell with three electrodes. Particularly, MT was detected by adsorptive transfer stripping technique in connection with differential pulse voltammetry. The detection limit of MT was estimated down to 100 fM (standards only) or down to 100 pM measured in the presence of blood serum. The average content of MT was 21.3 µM. The MT level in hens was about 25 % higher than in cocks. This phenomenon can be related to higher demands on the content of this protein in hens due the requirement for ion transport to form eggshell.

Keywords

electrochemical method, differential pulse voltammetry, Brdicka reaction, protein, bird * Corresponding author's e-mail: kizek@sci.muni.cz, phone: +420-5-4513-3350, fax: +420-5-4521-2044 Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, Zagreb, Croatia 284

Annalisa Zaccaroni, Dino Scaravelli, Renzo De Battisti, Alessandro Zanella, Donatella Gelli

Original scientific paper

Annalisa Zaccaroni Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Pathology, Viale Vespucci 2, Cesenatico (FC) 47042, University of Bologna
Dino Scaravelli Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Pathology, Viale Vespucci 2, Cesenatico (FC) 47042, University of Bologna
Renzo De Battisti Department of Forestry Science, College of Agriculture, Padua University
Alessandro Zanella Department of Forestry Science, College of Agriculture, Padua University
Donatella Gelli Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Veterinary School, Padua University

Abstract

Heavy metal content was evaluated in the teeth of roe deer and red deer. No differences in heavy metal concentrations between sampling areas or species were observed. A similar deposition process can be considered for the two species, as well as a similar chronic exposure levels.

Keywords

roe deer, red deer, heavy metals, teeth

Dean Konjević, Vera Njemirovskij, Jakov Radovčić, Krešimir Severin, Luka Manojlović, Miljenko Marotti, Alen Slavica

Original scientific paper

Dean Konjević Department for Game Biology, Pathology and Breeding, University of Zagreb Veterinary Faculty, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
Vera Njemirovskij Department for Dental Anthropology, Dental School University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
Jakov Radovčić Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
Krešimir Severin Department for Game Biology, Pathology and Breeding, University of Zagreb Veterinary Faculty, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
Luka Manojlović Moslavina Hunting Husbandry, Trg D. Petrovića 5, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
Miljenko Marotti Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Sestre Milosrdnice Clinical Hospital, Vinogradska 29, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
Alen Slavica Department for Game Biology, Pathology and Breeding, University of Zagreb Veterinary Faculty, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia

Abstract

Results of non invasive virtual imaging of normal and altered wild boar tusks are presented. Pathologically altered tusk structure is presented for two pairs of mandibular canines that experienced different traumatic impacts and in one lower mandible with a complete loss of the right lower canine. Wild boar tusks represent a valuable material for dental pathologists due to their characteristic position and consequent predisposition to injury, their enormous reparative potential and the fact that they are collected and kept as trophies over extended periods of time. However, their value as trophy often limits the possibility of analysis of internal structural changes by destructive methods. In this situation, the use of non invasive methods can provide insights into the nature of pathological and reparation processes related to traumatic impacts on wild boar tusks.

Keywords

wild boar, tusk, virtual imaging, structure analysis Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, Zagreb, Croatia 266

Miha Krofel

Original scientific paper

Miha Krofel Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

Abstract

Preliminary results from the survey of golden jackals (Canis aureus) in Northern Dalmatia are presented. We used broadcasted jackal howls and monitored the response to determine the presence of jackal territorial groups. 19 jackal territorial groups were recorded in the NW part of Ravni kotari and 2 on Vir Island. The presence of territorial jackals on Pag Island could not be confirmed. For Ravni kotari the minimum estimated average territory density was 0.61–0.75 groups / 10 km2. However, there was relatively high variation of local densities in different parts of the study area, with the highest numbers in the vicinity of Zadar. For Vir Island the minimum estimated territory density was 1.15 groups / 10 km2. These values are relatively low compared to the results from a similar survey made in Greece.

Keywords

golden jackal, Canis aureus, census, acoustic method, Dalmatia, Croatia

Nina Popović, Krunoslav Pintur, Antun Alegro, Alen Slavica, Mladen Lacković, Dražen Sertić

Original scientific paper

Nina Popović Department of Gamekeeping and Environmental Protection, Polytechnic of Karlovac, Trg J. J. Strossmayera 9, 47000 Karlovac, Croatia
Krunoslav Pintur Department of Gamekeeping and Environmental Protection, Polytechnic of Karlovac, Trg J. J. Strossmayera 9, 47000 Karlovac, Croatia
Antun Alegro University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Botany, Marulićev trg 20/II, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Alen Slavica Department for Game Biology, Pathology and Breeding, University of Zagreb Veterinary Faculty, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
Mladen Lacković Hunting Association of Međimurje County, Gajeva 35, 40000 Čakovec, Croatia
Dražen Sertić Hrvatske šume Ltd., Put Davorina Trstenjaka 1, 47000 Karlovac, Croatia

Keywords

age structure, population density, weight, reproductive statistics

York Kotulski, Andreas König

Original scientific paper

York Kotulski Wildlife Biology and Management Unit, Chair of Animal Ecology, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 13, D-85354 Freising, Germany
Andreas König Wildlife Biology and Management Unit, Chair of Animal Ecology, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 13, D-85354 Freising, Germany

Abstract

Destroyed backyards, disturbed soccer stadiums and ravaged parks are just a few of problems wild boars cause in Berlin. Fear and feeding (9%) and an ambivalent public opinion about wild boars intensify the problem between humans and wild animals. Only the people concerned are considered in the analysis. The differing stakeholders, their concerns, opinions and behaviour (pro 37%, contra 23% ambivalent 36%) as well sources of information for the public have been examined. The main sources of information about wild boars for the public are: the press (64%), friends (57%) and television (56%). For this purpose, 485 questionnaires (return rate approximately 97%) collected at public events in Berlin City have been evaluated.

Keywords

Human dimension, urban wildlife, wildlife management, wild boar, ambivalent public opinion

Aleš Vorel, Lenka Válková, Lenka Hamšíková, Jaroslav Malon, Jana Korbelová

Original scientific paper

Aleš Vorel Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environment Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
Lenka Válková Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Lenka Hamšíková Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environment Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
Jaroslav Malon Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Jana Korbelová Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environment Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

Abstract

The Eurasian beaver is or will be an important large mammal in the Europe; at present there are about 1 million individuals on our continent. Our monitoring effort was aimed at observing the development of a large, stabilized beaver population and was primarily focused in the areas representing 3 different types of habitat occupied by beavers in the Czech Republic – flood-plain forest, agriculture landscape and small watercourses. The aim was to get detailed information about territory size, abundance, habitat and feeding requirements of the Eurasian beaver in our country. All signs of beaver activity were recorded, together with their GPS position. Using spatial analysis (based on kernel density estimates) density spot clusters were generated to indicate the proper location of each territory and its size. A total of 246 beaver territories, with an average territory length of 1.7 kilometers, were found in the areas tracked; population abundance was estimated at between 1200–1300 individuals. One hundred and twenty eight territories (52%) were located in more or less proven flood-plain forests in the alluvial plains of medium-sized rivers. Sixty nine territories (28%) were evaluated as settlements in landscape of a purely agricultural character with intensively or extensively managed production areas in the vicinity of beaver-settled banks. A further 49 territories (20%) existed on the small watercourses of lower or middle positions or on the watercourses of sub-montane or mountain areas. The initial monitoring results will form baseline data to assess the future expansion and utilization of resources of the developing beaver population.

Keywords

monitoring, territory, habitat requirements

Natura Croatica, Vol. 17 No.4

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