Natura Croatica Issue number: Natura Croatica, Vol. 32 No.1

Identifying suitable habitats for sloth bear conservation in Eastern India

Authors: Prakash C. Maradaj, Ashish Panda, Tara J. Pirie, Janmejay Sethy, Mark D.E. Fellowes

Authors and affiliation

  • Prakash C. Maradaj Amity Institute of Forestry and Wildlife, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
  • Ashish Panda Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
  • Tara J. Pirie People and Wildlife Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, United Kingdom
  • Janmejay Sethy Amity Institute of Forestry and Wildlife, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
  • Mark D.E. Fellowes People and Wildlife Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, United Kingdom

Abstract

Today, the most significant threats to mammal predators are habitat losses and anthropogenic pressure. Although sloth bears are widely distributed in India, there is still a risk of populations becoming fragmented and isolated. As a result of continuous habitat loss and degradation over the past century, sloth bear populations have steadily declined. They now exist only in isolated or fragmented habitats across the entire range. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a habitat suitability analysis to determine these areas. The modeling was carried out using the maximum entropy method (Maxent version 3.4.3, November 2020) with presence data collected from 230 sample areas in the Nilgiri wildlife range of Balasore, eastern India. The average training AUC for the replicate runs is 0.984. The model is also evaluated according to the receiver operating characteristic value and jackknife test. Environmental variables contributing to the model were BIO-12 (annual precipitation), BIO-11 (annual mean temperature), DEM (digital elevation model), although the contribution level of terrain ruggedness index (TRI), forest cover (FC), human impact index (HII) and LULC are also there in the model. We also establish that the environmental variable Bio 12 (66%) significantly affects the distribution pattern of sloth bears. In contrast, the forest cover (0.4%) has a more negligible effect on the distribution pattern. A habitat suitability map of the sloth bear was created following the modeling process, and the usability of the model and the map was evaluated for sloth bear management plans. The sloth bear is intensively distributed in the western part of the study area. To conclude, the sloth bear is a notable mammal species whose habitat must be preserved.

Keywords

Melursus ursinus, sloth bears, India, Maxent modeling, habitat

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