Znanstveni časopis
Natura Croatica
Natura Croatica je znanstveni časopis Hrvatskoga prirodoslovnog muzeja. Izlazi od 1992. godine i objavljuje radove iz područja biologije i geologije, kao i radove utemeljene na proučavanju prirodoslovnih muzejskih zbirki.
ISSN 1330-0520 (tisak) · ISSN 1848-7386 (online)
2012
Natura Croatica, Vol. 21 Suppl.1
Sažetak
All cnidarians are thought to possess two tissue layers: endoderm and ectoderm, which are separated by mesoglea in medusa. The determination of the composition of the Aurelia aurita jellyfish mesoglea was performed. A new protein “mesoglein” was determined as one of the main components of mesoglea. Deduced amino acid sequence of mesoglein contains the Zona Pellucida (ZP) domain and DSL domain. Antibodies against mesoglein stain the plate in the place of contact of germinal epithelium and oocyte. The structure found was named the “contact plate”. The contact plate could be the precursor and functional analogue of the ZP.
Ključne riječi
Aurelia aurita; Zona Pellucida; extracellular matrix
Sažetak
Subterranean estuaries formed within carbonate deposits in the paleodrainage systems of Western Australia are habitats for an great diversity of stygiobitic beetles, some of which are sympatric sister species. This study examines the metabolism of stygiobiont beetles using respiration and key metabolic enzymes to determine whether sympatric sister species differ in energy allocation and respiration.
Ključne riječi
Dystictidae; calcretes; metabolism; lactate dehydrogenase; citrate synthase
Sažetak
Zmajevo oko is a naturally eutrophicated saline lake situated on the Gradina Peninsula, close to the village of Rogoznica on the central Dalmatian coast. Since 1992 the Lake has been intensively studied and in 2011 hydrographic and water column stratification in relation with reduced sulfur species and microbial activity was investigated during two different seasons: the spring-summer stratification and autumn mixing period.
Ključne riječi
Zmajevo oko, stratification, anoxia, sulfide, anchialine
Sažetak
Quantification of community structure aids in management practices by enabling objective population estimates of biota, comparisons between systems, and long-term monitoring to detect variations. In the Aerolito System, echinoderm richness and abundance are both very high, making this system possibly unique worldwide.
Ključne riječi
Ecological monitoring; Echinoderms; Aerolito de Paraiso; Stygobite; Anchialine cave
Sažetak
The anchialine cave Aerolito de Paraiso is located in Cozumel Island, Mexico. It is unique because it is mainly inhabited by four classes of echinoderms. After reviewing all of the material collected for this location, we present a taxonomic list composed of 22 species of echinoderms. Ophiuroidea is the best represented class in the anchialine cave with 11 species.
Ključne riječi
Taxonomic list; Echinoderms; Stygobyes; Anchialine cave; El Aerolito
Sažetak
Temporal and vertical distributions of dissolved and total ecotoxic trace metals Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the water column of Urinjska špilja anchialine cave were studied by voltammetry. The physico-chemical parameters salinity (S), temperature (T) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration were also measured. Although the cave is situated in the vicinity of the biggest Croatian oil refinery, no anthropogenic influence was observed.
Ključne riječi
anchialine cave; trace metals; voltammetry; Croatian Adriatic karst
Sažetak
Špilja u uvali Vidrovača anchialine cave is situated within upper Cretaceous layered limestones, in the upper part of the Krka River Estuary and has a direct connection with estuary water. The main channel of the cave is almost horizontal, 42.2 m long and 8.7 m deep. Salinity in the cave varied from 4 to 17. Total concentrations of trace metals in its water were: Cd 23.8 ng/L, Pb 62.7 ng/L, Cu 387 ng/L, Zn 6731 ng/L, Ni 374 ng/L and Co 56.0 ng/L. The cave fauna consists of very tolerant species, physiologically well adapted to strong salinity variations. In this cave invasive tubeworm Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel, 1923) showed a tendency to form aggregations.
Ključne riječi
Anchialine cave; Krka River Estuary; Dinaric Karst; trace metals; Ficopomatus enigmaticus
Sažetak
The Sumporače are anchialine caves of the Dinaric Karst in Mokošica near Dubrovnik, and they are special due to the presence of sulphur. As a result of the sulphur, they contain ecologically very important habitats and are part of the National Ecological Network CRO NEN. Out of three known sulphur anchialine caves, two smaller (Sumporača velika and Sumporača mala) have been speleologically and biospeleologically explored, while, unfortunately, the biggest one (Mokošička špilja) was completely destroyed thirty years ago. This paper gives climate and ecological data for the cave habitats, a preliminary check list of cave fauna and the results of chemical analyses of water and surface sediments.
Ključne riječi
Dinaric Karst; cave fauna; cave ecology; cave microclimate; chemical analyses
Sažetak
Double Keyhole Spring is a unique coastal submarine spring with complex and dynamically changing hydrology and water chemistry. It periodically reverses direction of flow, with accompanying changes in water chemistry and microbial communities. Although these transient changes follow the tidal cycle, longer term seasonal changes have also been detected.
Ključne riječi
community structure; anchialine; spring; estuary; geochemistry
Sažetak
The invasive species Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Annelida, Polychaeta) colonized the anchialine cave Jama pod Orljakom (Krka River estuary, Croatia) seven years ago. This study examines the thermal regime of the cave and its water connection to the estuary. The results show that the cave is well connected to the Krka River estuary, but despite the good connectivity, limited water exchange can occur – especially in the surface layer. Since levels of dissolved oxygen and rates of food supply are heavily influenced by the water exchange rates, a weak exchange can determine limiting conditions on the growth and population density of F. enigmaticus in the cave.
Ključne riječi
anchialine cave; Ficopomatus enigmaticus; water temperature; water level; water exchange; tidal analysis
Sažetak
Recent cave diving explorations in Cenote Crustacea have led to discoveries of several undescribed annelids inhabiting sediments that lie within the halocline and marine layers. Taxonomic and genetic evaluations support their placement within Acrocirridae and Flabelligeridae, establishing new records from anchialine systems for these families. This study highlights the need for continued exploration and investigations of these mysterious labyrinths.
Ključne riječi
cenotes; Annelida; Acrocirridae; Flabelligeridae; Sabellida
Sažetak
In the framework of our research, this study was focused on crustaceans in the anchihaline caves along the Eastern Adriatic coast. From August 2002 to June 2006 we collected 99 samples in 39 anchihaline caves. A total of 33 crustacean taxa were identified. Affinities were found in the rare, endemic or ecologically restricted crustaceans recorded in fewer than 10 caves, belonging to copepods, isopods and amphipods. A high species richness was recorded in the Central Adriatic threshold and the South Adriatic Basin. Stratified caves rich in organic matter or even heavy metals had the highest species richness. The cave Medvjeđa špilja on Lošinj Island was detected as a hot spot with 12 recorded taxa.
Ključne riječi
Adriatic coast; Crustacea; anchihaline caves; hot spot; species richness
Sažetak
The anchialine system at Bundera sinkhole, Australia, exhibits pronounced hydrogeochemical structure through depth that is reflected in the composition and distribution of the fauna. It is a strongly structured microbial ecosystem the components of which also change with depth and which is dominated by sulfur bacteria and chemolithotrophic microbial classes.
Ključne riječi
anchialine; chemocline; 16S amplicon sequencing; sulfur bacteria; chemolithotrophy
Sažetak
Mixed gas rebreathers allowed divers to explore the shelf edge of the Bermuda sea mount at depths from 60 to 136 m to search for potential refugia of anchialine taxa during Pleistocene periods of sea level regression. Divers discovered karst and sea level features including a remnant natural bridge cave, drowned coral reefs, wave-cut notches and high relief escarpments.
Ključne riječi
anchialine; Pleistocene; sea level eustasy; mixed gas rebreather diving; Bermuda
Sažetak
The Amphipoda (Crustacea) found in subterranean brackish waters (subterranean estuaries) in Crna Gora (Montenegro) is represented by 12+ species belonging to the families Bogidiellidae, Gammaridae, Hadziidae, Melitidae, Niphargidae, Pseudoniphargidae and Salentinellidae.
Ključne riječi
Amphipoda; brackish waters; subterranean; cave; spring
Sažetak
Ways of deducing information on physicochemical characteristics of anchialine caves from measurements of sedentary biota are investigated. First, photographs of Ficopomatus enigmaticus from two different anchialine caves are used to draw qualitative conclusions on water circulation patterns and organic loads of the two caves. Next, the ability of bioenergetic models to quantify average conditions in anchialine caves from information on abundance, distribution, morphological characteristcs, and individual growth rates of F. enigmaticus is discussed, and a development of a bioenergetic model is suggested.
Ključne riječi
dynamic energy budget; biomarkers
Sažetak
Stable isotope composition of soft tissues and carbonate tubes of the serpulids F. enigmaticus and M. cavatica were used to estimate their food sources. Comparison of isotope fingerprints of adjacent estuarine and anchialine cave serpulids showed that they consume predominantly particulate organic matter of terrestrial origin.
Ključne riječi
serpulid; carbon; oxygen; nitrogen; stable isotope
Sažetak
To contribute to the assessment of global biodiversity, this paper reviews available information on the cave-dwelling anchialine sponge fauna worldwide.
Ključne riječi
biodiversity assessment; Porifera; cave-dwellers; karst caves; lava tunnels; subterranean estuaries
Sažetak
During the past century, anthropogenic forces changed the composition of water in coastal aquifers. These changes were brought about by excessive mining of coastal groundwater, dredging and pier construction, wetland draining, and hard surface expansion. These forces caused an increase of salinity in the subterranean estuary, which led to a series of biogeochemical reactions. These changes continue today.
Ključne riječi
submarine groundwater discharge; subterranean estuary; nutrients
Sažetak
A duel isotope (stable and radiocarbon) investigation of anchialine cave systems in the Yucatan Peninsula compares the food web of a coastal and an inland cenote. Isotopic data demonstrates distinct photosynthetic and chemoautotrophic trophic levels, as well as the ability of fauna within the cave to be selective feeders even within these nutrient poor environments.
Ključne riječi
anchialine; cenote; stable isotopes; radiocarbon; trophic web
Sažetak
Šipun is one of the first mentioned anchialine caves in the world, located in the region of Dubrovnik in Croatia. During more than 100 years of research, over 100 taxa were detected, 38 of them troglobitic, with 18 taxa described from the cave. Some anchialine ecological features were first described in this cave. During recent biospeleological research in the period of 2000–2012 by members of the Croatian Biospeleological Society, the first complete cave sketch was finished, and much ecological and taxonomical research were performed. The cave is endangered due to human activities, but also vulnerable due to the fragility of karst substrate. A management plan, it is suggested, is necessary for adequate cave administration and protection.
Ključne riječi
Dinaric Karst; Biospeleology; endemism; cave vulnerability; monitoring
Sažetak
A short investigation history of anchihaline (anchialine) habitats is given. In the 1950s to 1960s the Adriatic coast was particularly intensely studied in this respect. The first systematic research into anchihaline ecology was done in this area in the 1960s (published in 1986). Stability of salinity-density stratification was noted, resulting in occurrence of dysoxic-sulfidic layers. The fauna is distributed mainly within the paralittoral merodinaric zone; two paradoxical phenomena were named the 'Kvarner inversion' and the 'Hadzia inversion'.
Ključne riječi
anchialine-anchihaline; ecology; biogeography; review
Sažetak
A GIS project was developed for cenote management and decision making in the Yucatan Peninsula. Information was obtained through governmental and civil databases, satellite imagery analysis and field visits. Spatial analysis was performed at the scale of 1:250,000 for cenotes and geology; land use and vegetation; soil type; protected areas; urban areas; population size of human settlements and roads. Danger and risk models for ecological degradation of cenotes were developed.
Ključne riječi
GIS; risk and danger; cenotes; satellite imagery analysis; management; conservation
Sažetak
This study examines the impact of slow de-stratification on the inorganic iodine, sulphur and nutrient systems in the eutrophic anchialine pond Zmajevo oko (Rogoznica Lake). The observed changes in both the vertical distribution and the speciation of the investigated variables were pronounced. Although the redox conditions formed immediately after the de-stratification were oxic to hypoxic, iodate was reduced to iodide.
Ključne riječi
iodine; sulphur; nutrients; speciation; redox conditions; anchialine